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Special Article |
Received August 23, 2000; revised November 16, 2000; accepted December 15, 2000. From the Research Institute of the Hebrew Home of Greater Washington, Rockville, MD, and the Department of Health Care Sciences and of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC. Address correspondence to Dr. Cohen-Mansfield.
Inappropriate behaviors are very common in dementia and impose an enormous toll both emotionally and financially. Three main psychosocial theoretical models have generally been utilized to explain inappropriate behaviors in dementia: the "unmet needs" model, a behavioral/learning model, and an environmental vulnerability/reduced stress-threshold model. A literature search yielded 83 nonpharmacological intervention studies, which utilized the following categories of interventions: sensory, social contact (real or simulated), behavior therapy, staff training, structured activities, environmental interventions, medical/nursing care interventions, and combination therapies. The majority are reported to have a positive, albeit not always significant, impact. Better matching of the available interventions to patients' needs and capabilities may result in greater benefits to patients and their caregivers.
Key Words: Long-Term Care • Dementias (general) • Nonpharmacologic Therapies
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