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The Factor Structure of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia Among Probable Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Received July 15, 1997; revised October 8, 1997; accepted November 17, 1997. From the Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center and the University of Miami School of Medicine. Address correspondence to Mr. Harwood, Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL 33140.

The authors rated 137 outpatients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) on the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) as part of routine evaluation. Principal-factors analysis with varimax rotation resulted in a four-factor solution that accounted for 43.1% of the common variance. The four factors included general depression (lack of reactivity to pleasant events, poor self-esteem, pessimism, loss of interest, physical complaints, psychomotor retardation, sadness); rhythm disturbances (difficulty falling asleep, multiple night awakenings, early morning awakenings, weight loss, diurnal variation of mood); agitation/psychosis (agitation, mood-congruent delusions, suicide); and negative symptoms (appetite loss, weight loss, lack of energy, loss of interest, lack of reactivity to pleasant events). The observed factor structure showed moderate concordance with the five symptom clusters proposed in the original presentation of the CSDD.

Key Words: Depression • Dementia • Cornell Scale

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