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Current Epidemiology of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Other Predementia Syndromes

Received October 26, 2004; revised April 13, 2005; accepted April 15, 2005. From the Dept. of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, Memory Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy (FP, ADI, AMC, AC, VS), the Dept. of Geriatrics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (CC), the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ (ADP), the Dept. of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (RJC), the Dept. of Geriatrics, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy (AP), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (PLS), and the National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy (ES). Send correspondence and reprint requests to Francesco Panza, M.D., Ph.D., Dept. of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, Memory Unit, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11 – 70124, Bari, Italy. e-mail: geriat.dot{at}geriatria.uniba.it
© 2005 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

A variety of clinically-defined predementia syndromes, with differing diagnostic criteria and nomenclature, have been proposed to describe nondisabling symptomatic cognitive deficits arising in elderly persons. Incidence and prevalence of different predementia syndromes vary as a result of different diagnostic criteria, sampling, and assessment procedures. The incidence rates of all predementia syndromes increase with age and are higher in subjects with less education; but age, educational background, and gender are not consistently related to prevalence rates. There is particular interest in "Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)" because this predementia syndrome is thought to be a prodromal phase of Alzheimer disease (AD). Several studies have suggested that most patients who meet MCI criteria will progress to AD, but rates of conversion to AD and dementia vary widely among studies. Furthermore, MCI definition is less consistent in population-based studies than clinical studies, in which progression to AD is also more consistent. To clarify the sources of discrepant findings in the literature, this review summarizes existing epidemiological studies of the defined clinical predementia syndromes and their progression to dementia.

Key Words: Dementia • Mild Cognitive Impairment • Predementia • Age-Associated Memory Impairment • Vascular Dementia • Alzheimer Disease

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