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Comparison of Users and Non-Users of Mental Health Services Among Depressed, Older, Urban African Americans

Received April 24, 2004; revised July 6 and October 18, 2004; accepted November 5, 2004. From SUNY–Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY (CIC, LWB), Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY (CM), and New York University, New York, NY (RY). Send correspondence and reprint requests to Carl I. Cohen, M.D., Professor and Director, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, SUNY–Downstate Medical Center, Box 1203, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203. e-mail: cohen_c{at}hscbklyn.edu
© 2005 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

Objective: The authors sought to determine differences between depressed older black residents in an urban community who do and do not use formal mental health services. Methods: The Treatment Group (TG) consisted of 106 black patients age 55 with a diagnosis of depression who were recruited from outpatient psychiatric programs in Brooklyn, NY. The Untreated Community Group (UCG) consisted of 101 cognitively intact black subjects age 55 from randomly selected block groups in Brooklyn who met symptom criteria for major or minor depression and had no previous history of psychiatric treatment. Results: In logistic regression analysis, TG persons were significantly more likely than the UCG persons to be female, younger, born in the United States, to have impaired daily functioning, have a family history of mental illness, and believe that environmental factors and religious activities could influence mental illness. TG persons were significantly less likely to have social network members who provided advice, to use spiritualists or their products, to have vision or hearing impairments, and to have depressive symptoms. Although most UCG persons visited their doctor at least three times annually, only 11% reported using these physicians for help with mental health problems. Conclusions: A combination of demographic and attitudinal factors, family psychiatric history, social supports, and functional impairments were associated with the use of mental health services. Despite reluctance of persons in the UCG to use primary-care physicians for mental health reasons, the latter remain the most feasible intervention point within the existing service system.

Key Words: Cross-Cultural Issues • Minority Issues • African Americans • Services Use

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