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A Statewide Case–Control Study of Spousal Homicide–Suicide in Older Persons

Received June 26, 2003; revised April 8, 2004; accepted April 19, 2004. From the Miami VA Medical Center Mental Health Service; University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (JEM) and the Department of Aging and Mental Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (DC). Send correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Julie E. Malphurs, Mental Health and Behavioral Science, Miami VA Health Care System, 1201 NW 16th St. (116A), Miami, FL 33125. e-mail: julie.malphurs{at}med.va.gov
© 2005 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

Objective: Homicide–suicides are rare relative to suicides and homicides, but these lethal events are an emerging public health concern. They have a mortality count similar to meningitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, influenza, and viral hepatitis, and the rate may be increasing in the United States, especially among older persons. The goal of this case–control study was to identify factors that differentiate older married men who commit homicide–suicide from those who commit suicide only. Methods: A total of 20 spousal homicide–suicides involving persons age 55 years and older were ascertained in Florida between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 1999 from medical examiner records. Two suicide controls were matched to each homicide–suicide perpetrator by age, race, marital status, method of death, and medical examiner district. Perpetrator groups were compared on sociodemographic characteristics, medical variables, and autopsy findings. Results: Homicide–suicide perpetrators displayed significantly more domestic violence or were caregivers for their wives, in contrast to suicide perpetrators, who had health problems and were receiving care from their spouses. Both groups of perpetrators had reported depressed mood, and there were no differences in sociodemographic factors. Conclusions: Depression plays a significant role in both homicide–suicide and suicide, but the associated factors are different: we see caregiving strain in perpetrators of homicide–suicide, and living with physical health disorders as a care-recipient in men who commit suicide. Marital conflict is a significant factor in some spousal homicide–suicides.

Key Words: Spousal Homicide • Suicide • Depression • Medical Comorbidity

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