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Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 13:1077-1082, December 2005
© 2005 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry
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Regular Article

Age Changes in Timing and 24-Hour Distribution of Self-Reported Sleep

Donald L. Bliwise, Ph.D., Farzaneh Pour Ansari, M.A., Laura-Beth Straight, M.D., and Kathy P. Parker, Ph.D., R.N.

Received October 13, 2004; revised March 2, 2005; accepted May 2, 2005. From the Program in Sleep, Aging, and Chronobiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Send correspondence and reprint requests to Donald L. Bliwise, Ph.D., Program in Sleep, Aging, and Chronobiology, Wesley Woods Health Center, Emory University Medical School, 1841 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329. e-mail: dbliwis{at}emory.edu
© 2005 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

Objective: Aging has been associated with increased nocturnal awakenings, increased napping, earlier bedtimes and wake-up times, and more regular sleep–wake schedules. These patterns have often been ascribed to both psychosocial and medical factors, but nearly all studies to-date have been cross-sectional. Methods: The authors present self-reported sleep data from 31 elderly subjects followed over a decade. Results: With aging, the number of nightly awakenings and daytime napping increased over time. Exploratory analyses suggested that individuals who lived with another person had earlier bedtimes, later wake-up times, and greater daytime napping. Intervening medical comorbidities also appeared to be associated with increased napping. Conclusion: These results confirm previous cross-sectional studies and suggest a complex biopsychosocial matrix for the timing and placement of sleep in elderly persons within the 24-hour day.

Key Words: Sleep • Psychosocial Factors • Longitudinal Studies






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