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Hemoglobin Levels and Alzheimer Disease

An Epidemiologic Study in India

Received November 18, 2003; revised March 6, 2004; accepted March 19, 2004. From the Division of Geriatrics and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA (RSP,STD,MG), the Centre for Ageing Research in India, New Delhi, India (VC), the Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA (HHD,MG), and the Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA (STD). Send correspondence to Mary Ganguli, M.D., WPIC, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2593. e-mail: gangulim{at}upmc.edu
© 2004 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

Objective: Anemia is common in developing countries, where populations are aging rapidly. The authors explored the cross-sectional relationship between hemoglobin concentration and Alzheimer disease (AD) in a rural elderly sample in Ballabgarh, India. Methods: A clinical diagnostic evaluation for dementia and a hemoglobin estimation were performed in 605 persons selected by screening a larger community-based sample age 55+ years. Twenty-six participants met criteria for AD. Results: Hemoglobin was inversely associated with AD after adjustment for age, sex, and literacy. Conclusion: Low hemoglobin is associated with AD and should be investigated further as a modifiable risk factor.

Key Words: Alzheimer Disease • Anemia • Cross-Cultural Studies

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